The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal, A., Sterli, J., Werneburg, I., 2019. The endocranial anatomy of the stem turtle Naomichelys speciosa from the Early Cretaceous of North America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00606.2019 

Naomichelys speciosa FMNH PR273 View specimen

M3#428 FMNH_PR273_1 - Naomichlys speciosa - skull Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.428   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Hautier L, Sarr R, Lihoreau F, Tabuce R, Marwan Hameh P. 2014. First record of the family Protocetidae in the Lutetian of Senegal (West Africa). Palaeovertebrata 38(2)-e2 

indet. indet. SN103 View specimen

M3#5 SN103, partial left innominate. Age and occurrence – Taïba Formation, Lutetian of the near Taïba Ndiaye, quarry of the Industries Chimiques du Sénégal (ICS) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf5   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models of postcranial bones (humerus, ulna, innominate, femur, tibia, astragalus, navicular, and metatarsal III) described and figured in the following publication: “Postcranial morphology of the extinct rodent Neoepiblema (Rodentia: Chinchilloidea): insights into the paleobiology of neoepiblemids”. 

Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 3549 View specimen

M3#719 UFAC 3549, left humerus missing the proximal region. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.719   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 5076 View specimen

M3#720 UFAC 5076, right humerus missing the proximal region. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.720   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 1939 View specimen

M3#721 UFAC 1939, right ulna missing the olecranon epiphysis and the distal region. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.721   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 3697 View specimen

M3#722 UFAC 3697, right innominate bone. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.722   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 2574 View specimen

M3#723 UFAC 2574, proximal region of a left femur. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.723   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 2937 View specimen

M3#724 UFAC 2937, right femur with damaged proximal region. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.724   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 2210 View specimen

M3#725 UFAC 2210, distal region of a right femur. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.725   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 1887 View specimen

M3#726 UFAC 1887, right tibia Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.726   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 1840 View specimen

M3#727 UFAC 1840, left astragalus. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.727   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 2549 View specimen

M3#728 UFAC 2549, right astragalus. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.728   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 3672 View specimen

M3#729 UFAC 3672, right navicular. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.729   state:published

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Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 2116 View specimen

M3#730 UFAC 2116, left metatarsal III. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.730   state:published

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Neoepiblema horridula UFAC 3260 View specimen

M3#731 UFAC 3260, fragmented left innominate. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.731   state:published

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Neoepiblema horridula UFAC 2620 View specimen

M3#732 UFAC 2620, distal region of a right femur. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.732   state:published

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Neoepiblema horridula UFAC 2737 View specimen

M3#733 UFAC 2737, proximal region of right femur. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.733   state:published

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Neoepiblema horridula UFAC 3202 View specimen

M3#734 UFAC 3202, right tibia, missing the proximalmost and distal portions. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.734   state:published

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Neoepiblema horridula UFAC 3212 View specimen

M3#735 UFAC 3212, left astragalus. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.735   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models of the fossil teeth of two chinchilloid caviomorph rodents (Borikenomys praecursor and Chinchilloidea gen. et sp. indet.) discovered from lower Oligocene deposits of Puerto Rico, San Sebastian Formation (locality LACM Loc. 8060). These fossils were described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2020), Early Oligocene chinchilloid caviomorphs from Puerto Rico and the initial rodent colonization of the West Indies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2806 

Borikenomys praecursor LACM 162447 View specimen

M3#638 Right lower m3. This isolated tooth was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. The specimen was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.638   state:published

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Borikenomys praecursor LACM 162446 View specimen

M3#639 Fragment of lower molar (most of the mesial part). This isolated broken tooth was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. The specimen was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.639   state:published

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indet indet LACM 162448 View specimen

M3#640 Fragment of either an upper tooth (mesial laminae) or a lower tooth (distal laminae). The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This fragment of tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.640   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models of the fossil teeth of a small-bodied platyrrhine primate, Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi (Cebinae, Cebidae, Platyrrhini) discovered from Laventan deposits (late Middle Miocene) of Peruvian Amazonia, San Martín Department (TAR-31: Tarapoto/Juan Guerra vertebrate fossil-bearing locus n°31). These fossils were described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2020), New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia. Journal of Human Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102835 

Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3888 View specimen

M3#538 MUSM-3888, right m3 of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.538   state:published

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Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3890 View specimen

M3#540 MUSM-3890, left dp2 of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.540   state:published

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Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3895 View specimen

M3#541 MUSM-3895, right DC1 of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.541   state:published

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Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3891 View specimen

M3#542 MUSM-3891, lingual part of a fragmentary right M1 or M2 of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.542   state:published

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Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3892 View specimen

M3#543 MUSM-3892, distobuccal part of a fragmentary right upper molar (metacone region) of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.543   state:published

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Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3893 View specimen

M3#544 MUSM-3893, buccal part of a fragmentary right P3 or P4 of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.544   state:published

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Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi MUSM-3894 View specimen

M3#545 MUSM-3894, lingual part of a fragmentary left P3 or P4 of Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.545   state:published

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Using X-ray microtomography, we describe the ossification events during the larval development of a non-teleost actinopterygian species: the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus from the order Lepisosteiformes. We provide a detailed developmental series for each anatomical structure, covering a large sequence of mineralization events going from an early stage (13 days post-hatching, 21mm total length) to an almost fully ossified larval stage (118dph or 87mm in standard length). With this work, we expect to bring new developmental data to be used in further comparative studies with other lineages of bony vertebrates. We also hope that the on-line publication of these twelve successive 3D reconstructions, fully labelled and flagged, will be an educational tool for all students in comparative anatomy. 

Atractosteus tristoechus At1-13dph View specimen

M3#94 At1-13dph : 13 dph larvae, 21 mm TL Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.94   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At2-16dph View specimen

M3#95 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 16 dph, 26mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.95   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At3-19dph View specimen

M3#96 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 19 dph, 27mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.96   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At4-22dph View specimen

M3#97 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 22dph, 30mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.97   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At5-26dph View specimen

M3#98 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 26 dph, 32mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.98   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At6-31dph View specimen

M3#99 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 31 dph, 39mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.99   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At7-37dph View specimen

M3#100 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 37 dph, 43mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.100   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At8-52dph View specimen

M3#101 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 52 dph, 46mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.101   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At9-74dph View specimen

M3#102 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 74 dph, 61mm SL. Not all structures are colored, only newly ossified ones. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.102   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At10-89dph View specimen

M3#103 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 89 dph, 63mm SL. Not all structures are colored, only newly ossified ones. You may find the tag file in the At1-13dph reconstruction data. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.103   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At11-104dph View specimen

M3#104 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 104 dph, 70mm SL. Not all structures are colored, only newly ossified ones. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.104   state:published

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Atractosteus tristoechus At12-118dph View specimen

M3#105 Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 118 dph, 87mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.105   state:published

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This project presents the osteological connexions of the petrosal bone of the extant Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus amphibius and Choeropsis liberiensis by a virtual osteological dissection of the ear region. The petrosal, the bulla, the sinuses and the major morphological features surrounding the petrosal bone are labelled, both in situ and in an exploded model presenting disassembly views. The directional underwater hearing mode of Hippopotamidae is discussed based on the new observations. 

Choeropsis liberiensis UPPal-M09-5-005a View specimen

	M3#1 Labelled compact model of the right ear region of Choeropsis liberiensis (UPPal-M09-5-005a) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf1   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#2 Labelled exploded model of the right ear region of Choeropsis liberiensis (UPPal-M09-5-005a) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf2   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Hippopotamus amphibius UM N179 View specimen

	M3#3 Labelled compact model of the right ear region of Hippopotamus amphibius (UM N 179) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf3   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#4 Labelled exploded model of the right ear region of Hippopotamus amphibius (UM N 179) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf4   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in The largest freshwater odontocete: a South Asian river dolphin relative from the Proto-Amazonia. 

Pebanista yacuruna MUSM 4017 View specimen

M3#1394 Holotype skull of Pebanista yacuruna MUSM 4017 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1394   state:published

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The present contribution contains the 3D virtual restoration of a Pliocene Lutrine right femur of Tobène, Senegal, described and figured in Lihoreau et al. (2021) : "A fossil terrestrial fauna from Tobène (Senegal) provides a unique early Pliocene window in Western Africa ". https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2021.06.013 

Indet indet SN-Tob-12-02 View specimen

M3#441 Virtual restoration of SN-Tob-12-02 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.441   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Solé F., Lesport J.-F., Heitz A., and Mennecart B. minor revision. A new gigantic carnivore (Carnivora, Amphicyonidae) from the late middle Miocene of France. PeerJ.
  

Tartarocyon cazanavei MHNBx 2020.20.1 View specimen

M3#903 Surface scan (ply) and texture (png) of the holotype of Tartarocyon cazanavei (MHNBx 2020.20.1) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.903   state:published

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This contribution contains 3D models of the cranial skeleton and muscles in an elephantfish (Callorhinchus milii) and a catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula), based on synchrotron tomographic scans. These datasets were analyzed and described in Dearden et al. (2021) “The morphology and evolution of chondrichthyan cranial muscles: a digital dissection of the elephantfish Callorhinchus milii and the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula.” Journal of Anatomy. 

Callorhinchus milii 001 View specimen

M3#708 3D models of the cranial skeleton and muscles of Callorhinchus milii, created using Mimics. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.708   state:published

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Scyliorhinus canicula 002 View specimen

M3#709 3D models of the cranial skeleton and muscles of Scyliorhinus canicula, created using Mimics. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.709   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the brain endocast of Neoepiblema acreensis analyzed in “Small within the largest: Brain size and anatomy of the extinct Neoepiblema acreensis, a giant rodent from the Neotropics”. The 3D model was generated using CT-Scanning and techniques of virtual reconstruction.
  

Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 4515 View specimen

M3#502 Brain endocast of Neoepiblema acreensis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.502   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Molnar, JL, Pierce, SE, Bhullar, B-A, Turner, AH, Hutchinson, JR (accepted). Morphological and functional changes in the crocodylomorph vertebral column with increasing aquatic adaptation. Royal Society Open Science. 

Protosuchus richardsoni AMNH-VP 3024 View specimen

M3#44 8th and 9th dorsal vertebrae, 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, and 5th lumbar and sacral vertebrae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf44   state:published

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Terrestrisuchus gracilis NHM-PV R 7562 View specimen

M3#45 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, and 5th lumbar and sacral vertebrae Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf45   state:published

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Pelagosaurus typus NHM-PV OR 32598 View specimen

M3#46 7th and 8th dorsal vertebrae, 11th and 12th dorsal vertebrae, 15th dorsal vertebra and sacral vertebra. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf46   state:published

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Metriorhynchus superciliosus NHM-PV R 2054 View specimen

M3#47 6th and 7th dorsal vertebrae, 10th and 11th dorsal vertebrae, 17th dorsal vertebra and sacral vertebra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf47   state:published

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Crocodylus niloticus FNC0 View specimen

M3#48 7th and 8th dorsal vertebrae, 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, 5th lumbar vertebra and sacral vertebra. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf48   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains 3D models of the cranium surface and of the bony labyrinth endocast of the stem bat Vielasia sigei. They are used by (Hand et al., 2023) to explore the phylogenetic position of this species, to infer its laryngeal echolocating capabilities, and to eventually discuss chiropteran evolution before the crown clade diversification. 

Vielasia sigei UM VIE-250 View specimen

	M3#1269 External surface of the cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1269   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1270 Virtual endocast of the right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1270   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Bonis, L. de, Grohé, C., Surault, J., Gardin, A. 2022. Description of the first cranium and endocranial structures of Stenoplesictis minor (Mammalia, Carnivora), an early aeluroid from the Oligocene of the Quercy Phosphorites (southwestern France). Historical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2045980 

Stenoplesictis minor UM-ACQ 6705 View specimen

	M3#961 Endocranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.961   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#962 Right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.962   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#963 Left bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.963   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#964 Cranium in transparency with endocranial structures Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.964   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Hendrickx, C., Gaetano, L. C., Choiniere, J., Mocke, H. and Abdala, F. in press. A new traversodontid cynodont with a peculiar postcanine dentition from the Middle/Late Triassic of Namibia and dental evolution in basal gomphodonts. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 

Etjoia dentitransitus GSN F1591 View specimen

	M3#557 Surface model derived from µCT data of the holotype of Etjoia dentitransitus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.557   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#558 Photogrammetric 3D surface model of the postcanines of the Holotype of Etjoia dentitransitus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.558   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#559 Photogrammetric 3D surface model of the Holotype of Etjoia dentitransitus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.559   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models of the ossicles of a protocetid archaeocete from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2019). 

indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

	M3#407 stapes Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.407   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#408 Incus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.408   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#409 Malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.409   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Velazco P. M., Grohé C. 2017. Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of the bats Platalina genovensium (Phyllostomidae, Lonchophyllinae) and Tomopeas ravus (Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Biotempo 14(2). 

Platalina genovensium 278520 View specimen

M3#276 Right bony labyrinth surface positioned (.PLY) Labels associated (.FLG) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.276   state:published

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Tomopeas ravus 278525 View specimen

M3#277 Right bony labyrinth surface (.PLY) Labels associated (.FLG) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.277   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Size variation under domestication: Conservatism in the inner ear shape of wolves, dogs and dingoes. Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 13330, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13523-9.
  

Canis lupus familiaris NMBE 16 View specimen

M3#229 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.229   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE-LAT-1136 View specimen

M3#242 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.242   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE-LAT-1119 View specimen

M3#243 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.243   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE-BUR-1057 View specimen

M3#244 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.244   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE-LUS-1102 View specimen

M3#245 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.245   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE-LUS-1095 View specimen

M3#246 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.246   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE-DUR-1124 View specimen

M3#247 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.247   state:published

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Canis lupus chanco ZMUZH 17603 View specimen

M3#248 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.248   state:published

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Canis lupus chanco ZMUZH 20201 View specimen

M3#249 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.249   state:published

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Canis lupus chanco ZMUZH 17602 View specimen

M3#250 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.250   state:published

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Canis lupus ZMUZH 13854 View specimen

M3#240 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.240   state:published

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Canis lupus chanco ZMUZH 20202 View specimen

M3#239 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.239   state:published

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Canis lupus chanco ZMUZH 17612 View specimen

M3#230 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.230   state:published

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Canis lupus chanco ZMUZH 18082 View specimen

M3#231 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.231   state:published

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Canis lupus ZMUZH 17118 View specimen

M3#232 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.232   state:published

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Canis lupus ZMUZH 15858 View specimen

M3#233 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.233   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 17712 View specimen

M3#234 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.234   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 17713 View specimen

M3#235 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.235   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 10166 View specimen

M3#236 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.236   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 10175 View specimen

M3#237 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.237   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 14842 View specimen

M3#238 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.238   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 10342 View specimen

M3#251 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.251   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 10343 View specimen

M3#252 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.252   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 13766 View specimen

M3#253 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.253   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 17717 View specimen

M3#265 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.265   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 17711 View specimen

M3#266 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.266   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 17714 View specimen

M3#267 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.267   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH 17715 View specimen

M3#268 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.268   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2835 View specimen

M3#269 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.269   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2834 View specimen

M3#270 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.270   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2837 View specimen

M3#271 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.271   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2831 View specimen

M3#272 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.272   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2845 View specimen

M3#273 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.273   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 3001 View specimen

M3#264 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.264   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2832 View specimen

M3#263 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.263   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 3000 View specimen

M3#254 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.254   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2847 View specimen

M3#255 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.255   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2846 View specimen

M3#256 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.256   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris PIMUZ A/V 2836 View specimen

M3#257 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.257   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMB 12080 View specimen

M3#258 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.258   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMB 12081 View specimen

M3#259 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.259   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMB 12079 View specimen

M3#260 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.260   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMB 12078 View specimen

M3#261 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.261   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE 1051209 View specimen

M3#262 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.262   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE 1051226 View specimen

M3#228 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.228   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE 1051381 View specimen

M3#221 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.221   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE 1051418 View specimen

M3#184 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.184   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH A.II. View specimen

M3#197 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.197   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH A.VII. View specimen

M3#198 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.198   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH We.6. View specimen

M3#199 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.199   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH Ez.2. View specimen

M3#200 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.200   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH Ez.E. View specimen

M3#201 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.201   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH A.6. View specimen

M3#202 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.202   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH Wyn.9. View specimen

M3#203 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.203   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH F.48. View specimen

M3#204 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.204   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH Terp.1. View specimen

M3#205 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.205   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH A.VIII. View specimen

M3#196 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.196   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH A.VI. View specimen

M3#195 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.195   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris ZMUZH A.IV. View specimen

M3#185 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.185   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE A.403. View specimen

M3#187 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.187   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris NMBE A.5.a. View specimen

M3#188 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.188   state:published

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Canis lupus NMB 8381 View specimen

M3#189 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.189   state:published

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Canis lupus lycaon NMB C.1362 View specimen

M3#190 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.190   state:published

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Canis lupus NMB Z309 View specimen

M3#191 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.191   state:published

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Canis lupus NMB 2761 View specimen

M3#192 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.192   state:published

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Canis lupus occidentalis NMB No Nb View specimen

M3#193 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.193   state:published

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Canis lupus NMB 5258 View specimen

M3#194 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.194   state:published

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Canis lupus NMB SCM320 View specimen

M3#206 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.206   state:published

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Canis lupus arabs NMB 11019 View specimen

M3#207 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.207   state:published

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Canis lupus UMZC K.3141 View specimen

M3#208 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.208   state:published

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Canis lupus UMZC K.3150.1 View specimen

M3#219 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.219   state:published

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Canis lupus UMZC K.3152 View specimen

M3#220 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.220   state:published

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Canis lupus UMZC K.3149 View specimen

M3#222 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.222   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris UMZC K.3016 View specimen

M3#223 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.223   state:published

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Canis lupus occidentalis ZMUZH 17210 View specimen

M3#224 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.224   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris SZ 7961 View specimen

M3#225 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.225   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris SZ 7959 View specimen

M3#226 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.226   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris SZ 7958 View specimen

M3#217 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.217   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris SZ 7930 View specimen

M3#216 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.216   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris SZ 7926 View specimen

M3#218 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.218   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris SZ 7929 View specimen

M3#209 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.209   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo M6297 View specimen

M3#186 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.186   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo M24153 View specimen

M3#210 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.210   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo M33608 View specimen

M3#211 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.211   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo M38587 View specimen

M3#212 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.212   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo Blumenbach UMZC K.3221 View specimen

M3#213 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.213   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo Blumenbach UMZC K.3223 View specimen

M3#214 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.214   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo UniSyd FVS 45 View specimen

M3#215 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.215   state:published

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Canis lupus dingo UNSW Z354 View specimen

M3#227 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.227   state:published

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Canis lupus familiaris TMM M-150 View specimen

M3#241 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.241   state:published

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Canis lupus M39960 View specimen

M3#274 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.274   state:published

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Canis lupus NMB 8635 View specimen

M3#275 3D virtual endocast of the left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.275   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Billet G., Germain D., Ruf I., Muizon C. de, Hautier L. 2013. The inner ear of Megatherium and the evolution of the vestibular system in sloths. Journal of Anatomy 123:557-567, DOI: 10.1111/joa.12114. 

Megatherium americanum MNHN.F.PAM276 View specimen

M3#14 This model corresponds to a virtually reconstructed bony labyrinth of the right inner ear of the skull MNHN-F-PAM 276, attributed to the extinct giant ground sloth Megatherium americanum. The fossil comes from Pleistocene deposits at Rio Salado (Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina). The bony labyrinth of Megatherium shows semicircular canals that are proportionally much larger than in the modern two-toed and three-toed sloths. The cochlea in Megatherium shows 2.5 turns, which is a rather high value within Xenarthra. Overall, the shape of the bony labyrinth of Megatherium resembles more that of extant armadillos than that of its extant sloth relatives. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf14   state:published

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